I would think Envelope Sender should work, but it must not be using the 'Reply-To' address to determine that.
Instead of filtering Envelope Sender, you could use a regex to look at the header and see who the Reply-To is set to? If that's set to your domain user's email address, that should be ok (I don't think that could be forged?)
So it's in the format of something like
Reply-To: FirstName LastName <Username@domain.com>
So your regex could be set to something like this:
^Reply-To:\s.*<.*@domain\.com>$ (and obviously you'd be setting it to 'Not Matches RegEx')